Network and Topology
Network And Networking Devices
What is Network ?
Network refers to connecting nodes for the purpose of resource sharing. By connecting two nodes we can share our data from one node to another. With the help of network we can easily connect with world.
Why do we need computer networking ?
- To communicate with other Nodes
- To share information from one system to another
- To share physical device like printer.
- To connect with rest of the world
:: Network Elements ::
Node
Node refers to the device which are connected in a network for resource sharing.
Server
Server avail the services to clients.
Client
Client refers to nodes which acquire services made available by server.
Communication Medium
Medium refers to the medium in which sender can transmit it data and receiver can recieve the data. Its is the medium through which nodes connect together to exchange information.Medium can be both wire and wireless.
Protocol
Protocol refers to the set of rule through which data can be transferred over a network.
Sender
Sender refers to the node which send the data in a network.
Receiver
Receiver refers to the recipient in a network which receives the data send by the sender.
Communication Mode
Unicast
Unicast refers to the communication medium in which a node can transfer it data to a single node.
Suppose, PC1 wants to send a data packet to PC6. Since the recipient of the packet is only PC6, PC1 sets the unicast address of PC6 in the destination address field of the packet. When this packet reaches all computers, except PC6, all computers discard the packet immediately. PC6 accepts and processes the packet.
Multicast
When a sender wants to send data to many devices which are together connected in a network is called multicast.
Now, suppose PC1 wants to send a data packet in the group. PC6, PC7, PC8, PC9, and PC10 are the member of this group. To send the data packet in this group, PC1 sets the multicast address of the group in the destination address field of the packet. When computers receive this packet, only the computers that belong to the group process the packet, the remaining computers in the network ignore it.
Broadcast
When sender want to share data with all the connected devices at a same time is known as multicast.
When a computer receives a data packet that contains a multicast address in the destination address field, the computer checks whether the computer is a member of the group that the multicast address represents. The computer processes the packet only if it is a member of the group that the multicast address represents.
:: Networking Devices ::
Hub
Hub use to connect multiple devices together to form a network.
Features of HUb
It works on physical layer of OSI Model.
It can’t be configured.
It is a non intelligent device.
It always broadcast data.
It is a half duplex network.
It have one collision domain
Number of port is 4/12
Switch
Switches are networking device operate at layer 2 Data link layer of OSI Model. They connect device in a network and use packet switching to send, receive or forward data packet or data frame over the network.
Feature of Switch
An intelligent device that can be conceived as a multiport network bridge.
Operate at layer 2 i.e. Data Link layer of OSI Model.
Support Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast.
Uses packet switching technique.
Use MAC address.
VLAN can be configured using Switch.
Number of port 24/48.
Support 100m of range.
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